Understanding current patterns of work and changes in the nature of work is central to comprehending our present situation. Trying to assess likely changes in the demand for and supply of workers, and the products and services they create, is critical to understanding how the nation may develop over the next decade. Acknowledging this, the then Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency (AWPA) and the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) convened a forum in Sydney in February 2014 at the University of New South Wales city campus to examine in depth and through expert eyes, the employment outlook and future skills needs for the Australian workforce. Such tasks require a close appreciation of the role of education and technological change. These topics draw on a variety of disciplines in the sciences and the social sciences, as can be seen in the contributions to this book.